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Castanopsis

Most castanopsis are medium-sized trees with thick, opaque, serrated leaves. The edible fruits - which appear similar to Chinese chestnuts - have sharp thorns. The trees tend to grow on mountainsides in Payap, Esarn, Central and Southern regions.

The wood of the tree is used to make mortars and pestles, weaving looms. The bark contains a liquid called catechu which is used to sooth cuts and wounds, arrest bleeding and can be taken to relieve diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.